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主题 : 2021年考博英语长难句解析(一)
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楼主  发表于: 2021-05-13   

2021年考博英语长难句解析(一)

1.[If railroads charged all customers the same average rate], they argue, shippers [who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation] would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.
  这是一个主从复合句。
  原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下:
  ①主句:shippers … would do so …
  【译文】托运者将会这么做
  ②分句一:If railroads charged all customers the same average rate
  类型:条件状语从句;连接词:if
  【译文】如果铁路公司向所有顾客收取一样的平均运费
  分句二:who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation
  类型:定语从句;连接词:who
  【译文】有选择余地的(托运者)就会选择卡车或其他运输方式
  其他修饰成分:现在分词短语leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line做状语。
  【全句译文】如果铁路公司向所有顾客收取一样的平均运费,他们争辩道,那些有选择余地的托运者就会选择卡车或其他运输方式,让剩下的顾客来承担维持铁路运输的费用。
  2.These leaders are living proof [that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems] [that come naturally with age].
  这是一个主从复合句。
  原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下:
  ① 主句: These leaders are living proof
  【译文】这些领导者都是些活生生的例子
  ② 分句一:that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems
  类型:同位语从句;连接词:that
  【译文】预防措施是有效的,我们可以应付健康问题
  分句二:that come naturally with age
  类型:定语从句;连接词:that
  【译文】随着年纪增长自然出现的
  【全句译文】这些领导者都是些活生生的例子,证明(疾病)预防措施是有效的,我们可以应付随着年纪增长而自然出现的健康问题。
  3. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them [that you are one of them] or [that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view].
  这是一个主从复合句。
  原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下:
  ① 主句:Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them…
  【译文】你的幽默一定要与听众有关,并有助于向他们表明……
  ② 分句一:that you are one of them
  类型:宾语从句;连接词:that
  【译文】你是他们中的一员
  分句二:that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view
  类型:宾语从句;连接词:that
  【译文】你理解他们的处境,并赞同他们的观点
  【全句译文】你的幽默一定要与听众有关,并有助于向他们表明你是他们中的一员,或者你理解他们的处境,并赞同他们的观点。
  4. The same dramatic technological changes [that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices] have also increased the risk [that passionate consumers will voice their options in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways].
  这是一个主从复合句。
  原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下:
  ① 主句:The same dramatic technological changes have also increased the risk
  【译文】同样剧烈的技术变革同样也带来了更高的风险
  ② 分句一:that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices
  类型:定语从句;连接词:that
  【译文】为营销商提供了数量更多(种类也更多)的沟通选择
  分句二:that passionate consumers will voice their options in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways
  类型:同位语从句;连接词:that
  【译文】激动的消费者能够以更迅速、更可见、更具破坏性的方式来表达他们的意见
  【全句译文】同样剧烈的技术变革为营销商提供了数量更多(种类也更多)的沟通选择,但同时也带来了更高的风险,那就是激动的消费者能够以更迅速、更可见、更具破坏性的方式来表达他们的意见。
  5. Time was [when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence] [that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak], or [that they prey only on “worthless” species].
  这是个主从复合句。
  原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下:
  ① 主句:Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence
  【译文】曾经有段时间,生物学家或多或少滥用了一种证据
  ② 分句一:that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak
  类型:同位语从句;连接词:that
  【译文】即这些生物通过杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康
  分句二:that they prey only on “worthless” species
  类型:同位语从句;连接词:that
  【译文】它们仅仅捕食没有价值的物种
  【全句译文】曾经有段时间,生物学家或多或少滥用了一种证据,即这些生物通过杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康,或者说它们仅仅捕食没有价值的物种。
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