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2015-10-30 22:32 |
考博英语语法:非谓语动词常考的其它结构
考博英语语法:非谓语动词常考的其它结构 sWnU*Q (1)疑问词+不定式结构 3^zOG2
疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如: )Hy|K1 When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语) RA+k/2]y! I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语) 1cdM^k The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语) w~g)Dz2G I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语) D?Q{&6p (注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如: bXiT}5mJU I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。 oa|nQ`[ B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how, what)+不定式: IPnbR)[% While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen. lH ^[b[ (2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。 `=Hh5;ep When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet. OPwj*b:-m (3)不带to的不定式 OE/O:F:1j 1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有: nV%1/e"5 feel 觉得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear听到 .~6p/fHX watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉,感知 7PZ0 notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听 [x5T7= On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue. Hs8c%C 2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。如: }cG!93 Let him do it.让他做吧。 /AP@Bhm I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。 ^l6q
(注): W9?Vh{w ①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如: gYx|Na,+ He was seen to come. D`LcL|nm
H The boy was made to go to bed early. <ok/2v ②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如: 40oRO0p He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。 _.OajE\T 3)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。例如: Bls\)$ Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。 RJ1Q.o 但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。 &<-Sxjj The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。 o64&BpCK There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法。 2`Xy}9N/Y (4)不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构 %^g BDlR^ 1)不定式的逻辑主语为:for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如: HKCM
KHR I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。 h84}lxT
^] (注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如: # &o3[.)9 It was wise of him to do that.他那样做是明智的。 2![.Kbqa% 2)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词’s+动名词。例如: 9Nglt3J[ Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。 EaG3:<>J He dislikes his wife’s working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。 it!8+hvq9* 3)某些形容词,如:careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 EUU9JnQhBJ It is very kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。 eZ
y)>.6Z 间或也可用for + there to be表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。 [L8Bgw1 It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。 Iu^#+n R}a,.C
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