考博英语语法:非谓语动词中的有关句型 %|3NCyJ*7
(1)动名词作主语的句型 ?N@p~
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1)Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 vLh,dzuo
2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth. % I;iP|/
It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 a\v@^4
It is a great fun playing football.打篮球很有趣。 +#g?rCz
It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。 e[J0+
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3)It is + useless (nice, good,interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth. }P"JP[#E\
It is useless speaking.光说没用。 ]73BJ
It is nice seeing you again.真高兴又遇到了你。 f*ZIBTb 9
It is good Playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。 u6BLhyS
It is expensive running this car.开这种小车是浪费。 }\_[+@*EJ
4)There is no + doing...(there is no 表“不可能”) 0x8aKq\'
There is no telling what he is going to do.说出他要干什么是不可能的。 yX;v
There is no saying what may happen.说出将要发生什么是不可能的。 zmh3
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5)There is no use (good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth.做某事没用(不好/意义/重要性) }u8 D5Q<(
There is no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶洒了,哭也无用。 N}j^55M_]
6)have difficulty /trouble/problem + (in)+doing z'ZGN{L
have作有解时,后接情感名词(in可省略),再接动名词。这类词还有trouble, fun, a hard time, a good time. 9% AL f 9
例如:We had difficulty (in) carrying out the plan.我们执行计划有困难。 rWMG_eP:
7)feel like + 名词 感觉像动名词 “ 想要” =would like to +原形动词 bol#[_~
I feel like a newborn baby.我感觉像一个新生的婴儿。 YPqp#X*
Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗? *$o{+YP
I don’t feel like studying tonight.今晚我不想读书。 QGV~Y+
8) spend/waste time doing sth. f,}]h~w\
They spent a lot time (in) making preparations.他们花了许多时间作准备。 e(m#elX
9)在require后只能用动名词,不能用不定式,尽管表示被动的意思也要用动名词的主动形式。 _o-D},f*e
This problem requires studying with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。 z`[q$H7?
10)cannot help doing sth.忍不住(做什么) R)?zL;,x
I cannot help laughing, once I see john in that big trouser. s8]9OG3g
(2)有关分词句型 9@."Y>1G
1)在表示感觉和心里状态的动词see,hear,feel,smell,listen(to),notice,observe,smell,watch这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟“宾语+现在分词”的复合结构,这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词(人各等),也可以是代词宾格(him,us等)。例如: ^?)o,djY&
She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.她闻到有东西在燃烧并看到有烟升起来了。 Z;#Ei.7p|
I watched them rehearsing the play.我看他们排演戏。 ki^c)Tqn
I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风在我脸上吹过。 4(f4 4' ^
2)表示“致使”等意义的动词,如:catch,find,leave,give,have,get,set后也可跟上述(1)的结构,有时也可跟过去分词结构。例如:
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I caught them stealing my apples.我抓住他们偷我的苹果。 EK6fd#J?1
If she catches me reading her diary,she’ll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记,她会愤怒的。 PDnwaK
We found him waiting to receive us.我们发现他正等着接待我们。 jWd 7 >1R?
3)go +现在分词表示“从事…”之意,这时现在分词做主语补语。go之后所接现在分词均表示短暂而又愉快的户外活动。如:jogging慢跑,fishing钓鱼,dancing跳舞,skating溜冰,bowling打保龄球,shopping 购物,sightseeing游览,camping露营。 .iB?:
I’ll go camping tomorrow.我明天去露营。 jK^'s6i#
I’ll go shopping.我去商店。 t$z
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Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰吗? idf~"a
4)be busy + v-ing(现在分词)忙着做… {yy^DlHb
I am busy writing my thesis.我正忙着写论文。 8h#/b1\
His assistant is busy(in) correcting papers.他的助教忙于批阅考卷。 O&!tW^ih
或者be busy with + n.忙着做某事。 ]&3UF?
He is busy with his work.他忙着工作。 ?[\(i)]
5)What do you say to + ing分词?(……怎么样?) %jK-}0Tu
What do you say to joining us for dinner?和我们一起进餐,你看怎么样? `V@{#+X
(3)有关动词不定式句型 c%aY6dQG&%
下面这些词组是不定式的习惯用法,只能用不定式形式。 -O2ZrJ!q
can not help but do, can not but do, cannot choose but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative to do tVZjtGz=
When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift. 7mSVL\\^
(4)there be的非谓语形式 PX3rHKK{
there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语。(其中作宾语和状语在1991年和1994年测试过,定语见1996年题10。) i51~/
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The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.(作宾语如1991年题30) r[zxb0YA
1)作动词宾语时,通常用there to be结构,而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为:expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等,如: GQTMQXn(
We don’t want there to be any comrades lagging behind,我们不希望有任何同志掉队。 >ln% 3=
They hate there to be long queues everywhere.他们不愿意处处都要排长队。 Z,Z34:-
We have no objection to there being a meeting here.我们并不反对在这里开会。 n\}!'>d'
It isn’t enough for there to be a frost tonight,so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.(作状语) *f:^6h
2)作状语多用there being结构,但若置于介词之后,for用there to be整个介词短语作程度状语,其它多半用there being。 w<