考博英语语法:非谓语动词中的有关句型 %P2GQS-N
(1)动名词作主语的句型 Mg0[PbS
1)Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 j ,'$i[F'
2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth. #,1Kum
bG3
It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 |T}Q~
It is a great fun playing football.打篮球很有趣。 [Az<E3H"
It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。 _>8ZL)NQQ
3)It is + useless (nice, good,interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth. I]|X6
It is useless speaking.光说没用。 )Fh+6
It is nice seeing you again.真高兴又遇到了你。 fG107{!g=
It is good Playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。 w NlC2is
It is expensive running this car.开这种小车是浪费。 |?=K'[5
4)There is no + doing...(there is no 表“不可能”) 8[S
srk
There is no telling what he is going to do.说出他要干什么是不可能的。 )
N*,cTE
There is no saying what may happen.说出将要发生什么是不可能的。 "/e:V-W
5)There is no use (good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth.做某事没用(不好/意义/重要性) -s5j^U{h|
There is no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶洒了,哭也无用。 Nv@SpV'
6)have difficulty /trouble/problem + (in)+doing a7+w)]r
have作有解时,后接情感名词(in可省略),再接动名词。这类词还有trouble, fun, a hard time, a good time. $[L~X
M
例如:We had difficulty (in) carrying out the plan.我们执行计划有困难。 \a+.~_iL|
7)feel like + 名词 感觉像动名词 “ 想要” =would like to +原形动词 tONX<rA|
]
I feel like a newborn baby.我感觉像一个新生的婴儿。 kcg{z8cd'r
Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗? w\o?p.drp=
I don’t feel like studying tonight.今晚我不想读书。 A
dNQS
8) spend/waste time doing sth. Id6H~;
They spent a lot time (in) making preparations.他们花了许多时间作准备。 i^SuVca
9)在require后只能用动名词,不能用不定式,尽管表示被动的意思也要用动名词的主动形式。 ]}t6V]`Q
This problem requires studying with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。 M3m!u[6|
10)cannot help doing sth.忍不住(做什么) PE $sF]/
I cannot help laughing, once I see john in that big trouser. dwd5P7
(2)有关分词句型 z l?Gd4
1)在表示感觉和心里状态的动词see,hear,feel,smell,listen(to),notice,observe,smell,watch这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟“宾语+现在分词”的复合结构,这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词(人各等),也可以是代词宾格(him,us等)。例如: gEghDO_G
She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.她闻到有东西在燃烧并看到有烟升起来了。 '3BBTr%aZ
I watched them rehearsing the play.我看他们排演戏。 HSXv_
I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风在我脸上吹过。 U"nk AW
2)表示“致使”等意义的动词,如:catch,find,leave,give,have,get,set后也可跟上述(1)的结构,有时也可跟过去分词结构。例如: +rAmy
I caught them stealing my apples.我抓住他们偷我的苹果。 8DAHaS;
If she catches me reading her diary,she’ll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记,她会愤怒的。 HQtR;[1
We found him waiting to receive us.我们发现他正等着接待我们。 ,z4)A&F[c;
3)go +现在分词表示“从事…”之意,这时现在分词做主语补语。go之后所接现在分词均表示短暂而又愉快的户外活动。如:jogging慢跑,fishing钓鱼,dancing跳舞,skating溜冰,bowling打保龄球,shopping 购物,sightseeing游览,camping露营。 %r
E:5)
I’ll go camping tomorrow.我明天去露营。 E}?n
^Zf
I’ll go shopping.我去商店。 JVfSmxy.
Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰吗? 6,wi81F,}
4)be busy + v-ing(现在分词)忙着做… /!7
I am busy writing my thesis.我正忙着写论文。 z):LF<
His assistant is busy(in) correcting papers.他的助教忙于批阅考卷。 QZwUv<*
或者be busy with + n.忙着做某事。 4S%s=vw
He is busy with his work.他忙着工作。 77 g<`}{
5)What do you say to + ing分词?(……怎么样?) pc/x&VY%
What do you say to joining us for dinner?和我们一起进餐,你看怎么样? !uZ)0R
(3)有关动词不定式句型 Z
"mqH
下面这些词组是不定式的习惯用法,只能用不定式形式。 ;H' ,PjU
can not help but do, can not but do, cannot choose but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative to do ttP|}|O
When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.
Vs1H)T%
(4)there be的非谓语形式 dDu8n+(8 L
there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语。(其中作宾语和状语在1991年和1994年测试过,定语见1996年题10。) *XUJv&ZN
The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.(作宾语如1991年题30) Ez
1-Nx
1)作动词宾语时,通常用there to be结构,而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为:expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等,如: "?*B2*|}`
We don’t want there to be any comrades lagging behind,我们不希望有任何同志掉队。 ]F{F+r
They hate there to be long queues everywhere.他们不愿意处处都要排长队。 eoj(zY3
We have no objection to there being a meeting here.我们并不反对在这里开会。 fw&cv9X(IU
It isn’t enough for there to be a frost tonight,so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.(作状语) wiFA3_\G
2)作状语多用there being结构,但若置于介词之后,for用there to be整个介词短语作程度状语,其它多半用there being。 (X?HuWTm
There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself.由于附近没有人,我只得独自干了。(原因状语) &gLXS1O
It’s too early for there to be anybody up.太早了,还不会有人起床。(作程度状语) V3S"LJ
There having been no rain for a long time,the ground was very dry.因为好长时间没下雨了,地面非常干燥。(原因状语) gB<1;_KW
3)作主语时两种结构都可以,但如是用for引导则要用there to be。 SuR+Vv
It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young.老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。 ([ jm=[E^
There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers.幼儿园在校园内对女教师十分方便。 )H1\4LeP
4)作定语。 There be结构作定语时,定语从句中谓语为there be,there之前的关系代词常常省略。如: SpO%nZ";g8
This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanking.这是到南京的最快一班车。 @?n~v^
I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.我要充分利用我剩下的岁月尽量为人民多做些事。 &W8fEQwa
.: Zw6