考博英语语法:非谓语动词中的有关句型 B,Jn.YX
(1)动名词作主语的句型 R xWD>:
1)Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 ^Cg@'R9
2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth. 5JZZvc$au
It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 ,aa
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It is a great fun playing football.打篮球很有趣。 cr{dl\Na
It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。 bre6SP@
3)It is + useless (nice, good,interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth. <pUc(
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It is useless speaking.光说没用。 [92bGR{
It is nice seeing you again.真高兴又遇到了你。 vaZ?>94
It is good Playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。 y)Lyo'`
It is expensive running this car.开这种小车是浪费。 D7$xY\0r
4)There is no + doing...(there is no 表“不可能”) I3?:KVa
There is no telling what he is going to do.说出他要干什么是不可能的。 S[uHPYhlA
There is no saying what may happen.说出将要发生什么是不可能的。 5xG/>fn
5)There is no use (good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth.做某事没用(不好/意义/重要性) ..^,*
There is no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶洒了,哭也无用。 WTh|7&
6)have difficulty /trouble/problem + (in)+doing .{]=v
have作有解时,后接情感名词(in可省略),再接动名词。这类词还有trouble, fun, a hard time, a good time. 4>@-1nt}
例如:We had difficulty (in) carrying out the plan.我们执行计划有困难。 s[@@INU
7)feel like + 名词 感觉像动名词 “ 想要” =would like to +原形动词 )^'wcBod,
I feel like a newborn baby.我感觉像一个新生的婴儿。 /t?(IcP5
Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗? fmq^AnKd
I don’t feel like studying tonight.今晚我不想读书。 RrqZ5Gonj
8) spend/waste time doing sth. ?)5M3lV3k
They spent a lot time (in) making preparations.他们花了许多时间作准备。 d_Vwjv&@/"
9)在require后只能用动名词,不能用不定式,尽管表示被动的意思也要用动名词的主动形式。 }~5xlg$B<<
This problem requires studying with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。 E0S[TEDa]
10)cannot help doing sth.忍不住(做什么)
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I cannot help laughing, once I see john in that big trouser. P.1iuZ "w
(2)有关分词句型 ByZ.
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1)在表示感觉和心里状态的动词see,hear,feel,smell,listen(to),notice,observe,smell,watch这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟“宾语+现在分词”的复合结构,这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词(人各等),也可以是代词宾格(him,us等)。例如: P6 G/J-
She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.她闻到有东西在燃烧并看到有烟升起来了。 rQ$A|GJ L
I watched them rehearsing the play.我看他们排演戏。 I@q>ES!1H
I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风在我脸上吹过。 7+u%]D!
2)表示“致使”等意义的动词,如:catch,find,leave,give,have,get,set后也可跟上述(1)的结构,有时也可跟过去分词结构。例如: Vd^`Hv&i
I caught them stealing my apples.我抓住他们偷我的苹果。 ?8C+wW
If she catches me reading her diary,she’ll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记,她会愤怒的。 _.06^5o
We found him waiting to receive us.我们发现他正等着接待我们。 A1f]HT
3)go +现在分词表示“从事…”之意,这时现在分词做主语补语。go之后所接现在分词均表示短暂而又愉快的户外活动。如:jogging慢跑,fishing钓鱼,dancing跳舞,skating溜冰,bowling打保龄球,shopping 购物,sightseeing游览,camping露营。 Fk(0q/b
I’ll go camping tomorrow.我明天去露营。 S8vmXlD
I’ll go shopping.我去商店。 Nmsb
Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰吗? @4B2O"z`
4)be busy + v-ing(现在分词)忙着做… KwQO,($,]
I am busy writing my thesis.我正忙着写论文。 NV-9C$<n2!
His assistant is busy(in) correcting papers.他的助教忙于批阅考卷。 p r0V) C6
或者be busy with + n.忙着做某事。 #CQ>d8&
He is busy with his work.他忙着工作。 q%:Jmi>
5)What do you say to + ing分词?(……怎么样?) %#QFu/l
What do you say to joining us for dinner?和我们一起进餐,你看怎么样? |f?C*t',
(3)有关动词不定式句型 1v\-jM"
下面这些词组是不定式的习惯用法,只能用不定式形式。 fF[ g%?w
can not help but do, can not but do, cannot choose but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative to do C aJD*
When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.
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(4)there be的非谓语形式 0~1P&Qs<
there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语。(其中作宾语和状语在1991年和1994年测试过,定语见1996年题10。) .RWBn~b#I
The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.(作宾语如1991年题30) M7>\Qk
1)作动词宾语时,通常用there to be结构,而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为:expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等,如: Y)
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We don’t want there to be any comrades lagging behind,我们不希望有任何同志掉队。 "DN `@
They hate there to be long queues everywhere.他们不愿意处处都要排长队。 QF>[cdl?8
We have no objection to there being a meeting here.我们并不反对在这里开会。 6kuSkd$.
It isn’t enough for there to be a frost tonight,so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.(作状语) hW+Dko(s
2)作状语多用there being结构,但若置于介词之后,for用there to be整个介词短语作程度状语,其它多半用there being。 TnaIRJ\B
There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself.由于附近没有人,我只得独自干了。(原因状语) `cv:p|s
It’s too early for there to be anybody up.太早了,还不会有人起床。(作程度状语) 8Z!ea3kAT
There having been no rain for a long time,the ground was very dry.因为好长时间没下雨了,地面非常干燥。(原因状语) t3XMQ']
3)作主语时两种结构都可以,但如是用for引导则要用there to be。 =%
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It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young.老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。 I^|bQ3sor
There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers.幼儿园在校园内对女教师十分方便。 ;i#gk%-
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4)作定语。 There be结构作定语时,定语从句中谓语为there be,there之前的关系代词常常省略。如: 7@"X~C
This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanking.这是到南京的最快一班车。 m #eD v*
I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.我要充分利用我剩下的岁月尽量为人民多做些事。 awK'XFk
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