医学考博英语写作总结 2jl)mL
P-CB ;\
一、原则与要求：考博英语不直译原文，抓主要论点，果断舍弃次要内容，突出新点，论点清晰,主要写中长句子！！2－5个长句！不写或少写短句！！一般真题范例在10－15句左右。 'CXRG$D
XF|WCZUnY%
二、现场写作技巧 K^zDNIQU
YD\]{,F|
①划线，划出实质性，实词性句子。②翻译标题，有标题就译，没有标题不能加。③末尾重复标题，首尾呼应。 Y#
FO5O%W
3$VxRz)
精简医学考博写作常用核心词汇 XX6 T$pA6
[iS,#w`
5
1.下降、减少 reduction，decrease，decline，diminution, drop，descend，go / come down，fall；上升、增加rise; go up; ascend；increase; WA$ JI@ g
xY\ 0 z Q
2.禽流感 H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全 food safety;
/qU>5;
ow6*Xr8eQ
3.公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies; 应急反应 immediate response to; <YFY{VC(
?m0IehI
4.关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being; {_#y z\j
YE}s
5.城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system 5,pS
g
j>Ag\@2 ME
6.预防保健Disease Prevention and Health care，服务体系service system； W `z 0"
Y[Ltrk{
7.讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene；个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene w
$|l{VI
Q;u SWt<{
8.lite清淡的；protein-complemented diet蛋白添加饮食； q
o 1lj"P
|o<8}Nja6
9.preventive initiatives=preventive measures预防的措施 {@Y
b;GD/UI
10.人畜共患病zoonosis＝anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病， ?=;qK{)37
z sXoBD\h
11.虫媒insect pollination；虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease： oU6y4yO
"
=]
-%B
12.肾病综合征：nephrotic/renal syndrome； BV`- =wRC
&PWB,BXv
13.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热； TBrG
A
E
AJ^#eY5
14.爆发流行：break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of,explosion T XX y\$
'R<&d}@P*#
15.传染：infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable； Mg,:UC:
L I >(RMv
communicable可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的; NS)}6OI3~"
L6Wt
3U`l
communicative a. 健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的 6 15s5ZA
^YdcAHjK
16.传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind；person to person transmission Mb1t:Xf^g
6r: ?;j~l
17.传播,散布：diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/ propagation >gwz,{
&UCsBqI
Y
18.污染pollution/ pollute，contamination/contaminate W|:lVAP.|}
W!!S!J F
19.福祉 well-being, happiness； mI*[>#q>
#GDe0 8rOw
20.衰老grow old；aging；consenescence；senility；senile ]
u l$*
=0;}K@(J
21.from bad to worse每况愈下；akin to=similar to 相似的；Purulent脓的,化脓的 uXDq~`S
3p2P=
T
22.脂肪肝fatty liver; 血压 hypertension {!|}=45Z
m-^ 8W[r+_
23.肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon；亚健康 sub-health a22Mufl
P0H 6 mn *
24.过劳死 karoshi; death from overwork #P]#9Ty:
9 % l%
25.长期以来 for a long time ; over the years )ZrS{vY
OO?]qZa1
26.养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health %sHF-n5P
|-V&O=!^+
27.分类 be divided into＝fall into three categories＝be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.＝be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds. R4ht6Vm3g)
(b'B%rF O
28.基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations； $zB[B;-!$
b'6- dU%
基本原则fundamental principle/ rule,basic rule or principle; &Tl
0Pf
=+ t^ f
29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面，指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准，尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为，或用道德标准衡量某事，既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面，指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为，常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 K\XH4kic
rx (2yf
30.民众the (general) public，the masses of the people，the common people；合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; coagent; nqwAQhzy(
a tXS-bg*
31.死亡人数death toll，deaths，the number of people killed in/dying from @?YRuwp L
}Tf9S<xpq3
The death toll is expected to rise. The death toll continues to rise. x\Z'2?u}
]p_@@QTC
There have been more deaths from drowning. *N{emwIq
0P\$ 2lk
How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少？ pv&y91
rj 6#1kt
32.归结为 boil down to；come down to； &3yD_P_3
F< !)4>2@
归因为/归功于 be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute… to、owe…to; 4.IU !.Uo
bQ~j=\[r
归咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blame…on、ascribe or attribute… to、impute… to。
ss5 m/i7
e zPz<iZ\N
33.大规模on a large scale，extensive，large-scale，massive；大规模流行 large-scale transmission，become a pandemic，massive attack/outbreak e^ v. )
ei
rz Yt
34.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly; 3> Y 6)
OK\A</8r
因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations; H<^/Ati,|
=+AS/J
q
孤立现象an isolated phenomenon； R58-wUto
qu|B4?Y/CR
复杂的complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate； D}v mwg@3
+"1NC\<*
极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy。 >Jp:O
7
K# Jk _"W
35.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances； F4K0)
;
@'|)~,"bx
养老保险 endowment insurance； {#{DH?=^)u
X$yN_7|+
退休养老金retirement pension； Aj0Tfdxy
P LueVz
Health Care Reform医疗改革 AZmb!}m+d
J &T.(
36.激烈运动strenuous exercise；vigorous activity； #
0Lf<NZ
Op_RzZ
P`
37.月经期menstrual period - Y='_4s
SI=yI-
38.生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace f/V
2f].
[w -l?
39.婴幼儿保健the infant health care C?2' +K
!=N"v
D*
40.安乐死euthanasia； d$
^ ,bL2p
W]nSR RWco
41.得绝症的terminally ill； !U5Wr+8 3
OD5 m9XS
42.临终关怀=Hospice Care=end-of-life care qB
CK40
[B|MlrZ
濒临死亡的病人：dying patients，terminally ill patients，incurable patient uh?>-
]r`
u07pq4Ly
43.Secondhand Smoking ，also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. |JVk&8
?8
