（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 22 *t%{(
1. 充当句子的状语。 z%AIv%
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 2fLd/x~
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 N%_~cR;
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) e
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. xH
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b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. K9P"ncMt
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). -s)2b
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真题剖析 0 /kbxpih
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. FQ87[|
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45. A. For u+R?N%
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B. As HOD2/
C. With d,[K cX
D. Because I^wj7cFo5
练习： [@y=% \%R
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. Ab"uN
8. A. is |l? ALP_
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B. having SB'YV#--
C. being n=SZ8Rj7
D. be Pz)QOrrG~
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 2%<jYm#'z-
虚拟语气(2) |HU
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1. (should)+动词原形 7 E5Dz7
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 NY;UI (<]
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 #,PAM.rH
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 '?>eW 2d
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 qN0#
=X
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 &Kv e vPF
would rather +动词过去式 "^ = [*i
真题剖析 d-<y'GYw
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 7gMtnwT
47. A. do CU;
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B. did /T(\}Z
C. don’t #rpqt{m l
D. didn’t xI4I1"
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. j~E +6
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53. A. ordered oGVSy`ku
B. pleaded UvZ@"El
C. decided
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D. demanded z ^/ GTY
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. "k<:a2R
15. A. took bQy%$7UmX,
B. would take NN 6KLbC(
C. will take
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D. should take '
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(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. f 4I#a
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(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) @6co\.bv
54.A. shall @sHw+to|p)
B.will HD)HCDTX
C.would 5;
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D.should | NU0tct^
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 uT} TSwgp
动名词、分词、不定式。 8q [
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主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 0 BCGJFZ{
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) m6r )Z5}f
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 o~x39
真题剖析 Px# QZZ
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 9V;$v
60. A. dropped !
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B. to drop l}0V+
C. dropping T 5azYdzJy
D.drops P$3=i`X!nw
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. C5+` <
59. A. destructive 6"i{P
B. dissatisfied )J+{oB[>b
C. damaged XalJo@%-
D. derivative A!{.|x[S44
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 adI!W-/R:
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 qo6LC >Qg
How you got there doesn’t concern me. n#>. \F
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. eOehgU5x
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 abo>_ "9-
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. u`Z
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3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 " J
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4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 -R&E ,X7N
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). LZr0]g{Pu/
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 vm\ wO._
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. xHJ8?bD p
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) v7;J%9=0D`
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) Dxt),4 %P
He no less than John is interested in literature. rGnI( m.
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) =.36y9Mfo
Either my father or my brothers are coming. P +dA~2k
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 JF~1' "_f:
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. "1 XXE3^^
真题剖析 d4Co^A&
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded.
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53. A. none ,VNi_.W0
B. few J~Cc9"(
C. any o84UFhm
D. some Jd5\&ma
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 {=UFk-$=
全部倒装 z`k El@
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” .
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There stand big buildings in this district. U;xu/xDRi
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. #`W=m N(+k
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) U|gpC
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. z]kwRWe`j
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