（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 (_{y B[z>`
1. 充当句子的状语。 6\S~P/PkE
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 NW)1#]gg%
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ^y 4Z+Gu[
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) .XhrCi Z
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Ld- _,-n
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. o
,3a4nH;
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). uA#;G/$
真题剖析 ymcLFRu
,
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. y L~W.H
45. A. For $
o#V#
B. As h3@v+Z<}
C. With Y:)e(c"A
D. Because t@+}8^ M
练习： Pd]|:W< E
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. W 'u >#
8. A. is "Os_vlapHo
B. having Xm2
z}X(%
C. being Yp2e Bgo"
D. be L\z~uo3:
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 =zs`#-^8
虚拟语气(2) 2gVm9gAHUd
1. (should)+动词原形 42ivT_H
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 QUQ'3
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Tc3y S(aq
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 WvZ8/T'x
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 b9dLt6d
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 I4?5K@a
would rather +动词过去式 4x[S\,20
真题剖析 ZO$%[
ftb
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … R]*K:~DM
47. A. do OJy#w{4
B. did BsYa3d =}
C. don’t fXQNHZ|4
D. didn’t 'K,:j 388
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. \=0Vi6!Mc
53. A. ordered ]~hk6kS8Q
B. pleaded U}j 0D2
C. decided B ~Xw[q
D. demanded SS.dY""89
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. / FEVmH?
15. A. took (qulwOt~w
B. would take O]1(FWYy
C. will take [ 87,s .MK
D. should take NGO fb
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. O#S .n #{
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) o`N 9!M
54.A. shall scLll ,~
B.will H\tUpan6fy
C.would , ^f+^^
D.should l$bu%SZ
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 xbYi.
动名词、分词、不定式。 a gW@ {c
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) W'+:'_{ j:
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ur7q [n
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 =D
#bb <o
真题剖析 A#'8X w|
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. #d2.\X}A"3
60. A. dropped [!]2 d jc
B. to drop +-CtjhoS
C. dropping |T)6yDL
D.drops N `F~n%N
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. ;&-k#PE]/H
59. A. destructive rK]Cr9W M
B. dissatisfied :I^;jdL
C. damaged _1 !OlQ
D. derivative (7=!+'
T"
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 /9 p wZ%:<
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 +8d1|
cB"
How you got there doesn’t concern me. @8rx`
9
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Y+u _IJ
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 9b"=9y,
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. ^)*- Bo)I
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 !"/n/jz
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 FOy|F-j
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). x$Oq0d{T
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 Tl[!=S
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. P?B;_W+~A.
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) ll.N^y;a
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) H0`]V6+<f
He no less than John is interested in literature. 22
M 1j5
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) "8^
Ch{G-
Either my father or my brothers are coming. OJ5#4qJ[
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 r@t9Ci=}
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 4DOH`6#an
真题剖析 X 4Ic;
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ~8P!XAU56%
53. A. none .e=:RkI,
B. few Q)" Nu.m
&
C. any 3|4|*6
D. some iwp{%FF
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 }v!$dr,j '
全部倒装 *4+"Lh.KS
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Xr$J9*Jk-
There stand big buildings in this district. -vR5BMy=
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ]#l/2V1
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) %gyL CTw
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. _c*=4y
M&@b><B
