2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 6 qKIz{;  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 cHsJQU*K6  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 Br~%S?4"o  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 9_>4~!x`  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) Bhq(bV  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. T (2,iG8  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. F[=m|MZb  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). d7^XP  
　　真题剖析 @$+[IiP  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. w|nVK9.  
　　45. A. For mTP.W#N
 
　　B. As `f'
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　　C. With 3N*Shzusbt  
　　D. Because Ro1' L1:  
　　练习： FoG<$9  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. &\X;t|  
　　8. A. is I@S<D"af  
　　B. having t!u* 6W|@  
　　C. being ^n2w 6U0  
　　D. be kTk?[BK  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 <C>i~<`d  
　　虚拟语气(2) G2^DukK.  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 z>0"T2W y  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 V]O :;(W_  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ^]DWrmy  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 6+u'Tcb  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 \O:xw-eG   
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 O+8`.  
　　would rather +动词过去式 @ubz?5  
　　真题剖析 Qm.kXlsDI  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … _-&.=3\1  
　　47. A. do l =yHx\  
　　B. did b tu:@s8ci  
　　C. don’t Xdq, =;  
　　D. didn’t 'JMa2/7CG  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. ~tLR  
　　53. A. ordered :65HMWy.  
　　B. pleaded *e6|SZ &3  
　　C. decided 1pb;A;F,A  
　　D. demanded ! -c*lb  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. ]1&9~TL  
　　15. A. took h 2%:;phH  
　　B. would take 2f!oA~| 2  
　　C. will take  {K9E% ,w  
　　D. should take  /Xz4q!Ul  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. BB.TrQM.#  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) X6.O;  
　　54.A. shall ^eW.hNg  
　　B.will !7)ID7d  
　　C.would .dCP8|  
　　D.should hPxI& :N  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 h`]/3Ma*:  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 n6G&^Oj  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) XQOprIJ U  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ['emP1g~  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 A{2$hKqHi  
　　真题剖析 uAs*{:4n  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. %-/:ps  
　　60. A. dropped ]&U|d  
　　B. to drop _CJr6Evs  
　　C. dropping ?ev G=S4>  
　　D.drops gVU\^KN]  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. +~Lzsh"  
　　59. A. destructive j{R|]SjW2H  
　　B. dissatisfied m]d6@"Z.  
　　C. damaged !otq
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　　D. derivative Gu`Vk/&  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 k^5Rf  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 P .4b+9Tx  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. oHXW])[  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. |C6(0fgWd  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 V1nZ M  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. _@pf1d$  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 uAS8F=9xP  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 PnIvk]"Ab  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). y?z_^ppj  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 b/,!J]W  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 3b)
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　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) D2%G.z  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ^$+f3Z'  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. *_/eAi/WG  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) R QS:h]?:l  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. ym*#ZE`B !  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 JeTrMa2  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. aU.0dsq  
　　真题剖析 :KV,:13`D  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. zGL<m0C  
　　53. A. none [+MH[1Vr={  
　　B. few aEFe!_QY  
　　C. any QV'3O|  
　　D. some ;TV'PJ  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 `YmI'  
　　全部倒装 snTJe[^d  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” mam5G!$  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. \/'#=q1  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. |+;K hC  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) dJQ }{,+6  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. {F(-s"1;xO  
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