2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 a,X3=+_ K  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 Z"A:^jZ<s  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 (5SI!1N  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 X@B+{IFC  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) j&F&wRD%r  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Bi]%bl>%  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. w!Z3EA;`  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). U`D"L4},.  
　　真题剖析 -k'=s{iy  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them.
%"o4IYV#  
　　45. A. For 3+IS
7ATn  
　　B. As mIOx)`
$  
　　C. With  7p{lDQ  
　　D. Because :iq1-Pw  
　　练习： Q16RDQ*  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. VXC_Y  
　　8. A. is y2)~ljR  
　　B. having $L(,q!DvH  
　　C. being )x]/b=m  
　　D. be 'M&`l%dIPf  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 yVSJn>l!  
　　虚拟语气(2) Xod#$'M>  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 %h^; "|Z  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 Ta~Ei=d^  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 VsFRG;:\U  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 [(]uin+9Q  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 !s
5 _JO  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 1_%3cN.  
　　would rather +动词过去式 s+,JwV?b  
　　真题剖析 @N34 Q-l  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … %<P&"[F]v@  
　　47. A. do ~r+;i,,X  
　　B. did .a?GC(  
　　C. don’t pf[bOjtR  
　　D. didn’t uPt({H  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. / F9BbG{  
　　53. A. ordered 2e#hJ-/`-  
　　B. pleaded #TXgV0\F  
　　C. decided bt"*@NJ$  
　　D. demanded l.El3+  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. !np-Jmi  
　　15. A. took l'm!e'7_  
　　B. would take [Q6PFdQ_JT  
　　C. will take m?0caLw<  
　　D. should take u8 Q`la  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. w`x4i fZ0q  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) y38x^fuYJ~  
　　54.A. shall 7M7sq-n5z  
　　B.will 16Cd0[h?  
　　C.would !W^P|:Qt  
　　D.should 5LMAy"  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 hR(\%p  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 usc"m huQ  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) m -]E|  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) h&}z@  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 OiI29  
　　真题剖析 LYhjI  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. m#|;?z  
　　60. A. dropped Pg4go10|  
　　B. to drop WstX>+?'  
　　C. dropping pV[SY6/  
　　D.drops <aSjK#  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. `cg yiJ  
　　59. A. destructive <Ukeq0  
　　B. dissatisfied s`#g<_{X  
　　C. damaged Z@(m.&ZRx  
　　D. derivative JIL(\d  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 GBSuTu8  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 yVfF *nG  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. }-/oL+j  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. H'a6] ]2  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。  }o[NB  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. *{x8@|K8  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 $&Lw 2 c0  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 W>y>  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). FeL!%z  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 ,
4mb05w;d  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. tfIUH'Ez>  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) YgV"*~  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) M.qE$  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. Lrjp  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) _J&IL!S2  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. VV-%AS
6;  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 7<0oK|~c#  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ;q?WU> c{?  
　　真题剖析 Ve\.7s  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. M#}k@ ;L3  
　　53. A. none Ju-#F@38  
　　B. few lw `$( ,  
　　C. any + <Y1`kV)  
　　D. some {Q021*xt/  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 O:j=L{,d^  
　　全部倒装 \2Yo*jE}  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Pd+Wb3  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. efK WR  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ^!6T,7B B  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) _};T:GOT  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ~? n)/i("  
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