2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 Pv^(Q]  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 )-MA!\=<  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ^- u [q- !  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 >hHJ :5y  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) c(QG4.)m  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. .`:oP&9r  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. (xI)"{   
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). z4 GN8:~x  
　　真题剖析 SH .9!lQv  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. aS c#&{  
　　45. A. For 6 ,7/8  
　　B. As nXx6L!HJ#  
　　C. With |!?2
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　　D. Because T*7S;<2  
　　练习： _C7abw-  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. w`H.ey  
　　8. A. is 7j9D;_(.^$  
　　B. having 6i*ArGA   
　　C. being ">0/>>Ry  
　　D. be U08<V:~  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 hP'
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　　虚拟语气(2) Pn'QOVy  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 "1gk-  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 PCV 58n3  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 g]EQ2g_N1  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 ZuF4N=;  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 $71D)*{P  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 SK2J`*  
　　would rather +动词过去式 ZNL;8sI?>  
　　真题剖析 #z-iL!?  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … `Yo-5h  
　　47. A. do ^C,/T2>  
　　B. did S<2CG )K[  
　　C. don’t SoXX}<~E4  
　　D. didn’t B BApL{  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. ]ut-wqb{p  
　　53. A. ordered E7Gi6w~\  
　　B. pleaded clR?< LO  
　　C. decided ^ 2Fs)19R  
　　D. demanded !~w6"%2+7  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. IgHs&=  
　　15. A. took NbQMWU~7  
　　B. would take BRSgB-Rr7  
　　C. will take Nw3I   
　　D. should take N ,sqrk]  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. xi1N? pP  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) b*6c.o  
　　54.A. shall {g:/BFLr#  
　　B.will !e#I4,fn  
　　C.would 0]2B-o"kI  
　　D.should sJHy=z0m  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 H[_uVv;}6  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 ~\@<8@N2a6  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) iuU3*yyn  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 1$3XKw'  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ZimMjZ%4  
　　真题剖析 )o'U0rAx|a  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 4-}A'fTU8  
　　60. A. dropped Vf,~MG  
　　B. to drop (-Ct!aW|  
　　C. dropping )R a/  
　　D.drops Cf1wM:K|8  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. _G}CD|Kx  
　　59. A. destructive [;V1y`/K1  
　　B. dissatisfied HBga'x
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　　C. damaged lJ>QTZH!wW  
　　D. derivative }Cq9{0by?a  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 Dxa)7d A|  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 Bg+]_:<U  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. XdIVMXLL\  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. B 1ZHV^  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 tm36Lw  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. s*~jvL  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 !wR{Y[Yu  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 18w^7!F?~u  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). b mq X
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　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 T~~$=
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　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 3_eml\CY  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) \|>`z,;  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) J0*]6oD!  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. +D-+}&oW  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) r dG2| Tp  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. -.Pu5et4  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 T#_n-b>  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. .]ZuG  
　　真题剖析 .gkPG'm[  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. dV=5_wXZ$  
　　53. A. none e%v4,8  
　　B. few Dx# @D#  
　　C. any eP)
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　　D. some \^(vlcy  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装  T[[   
　　全部倒装 WT!\X["FI$  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” O2/w:zOg'  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. 6'*Uo:]  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ].f,3itg&  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) "oXAIfU#T  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. aC }1]7  
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