（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 LC\U6J't1
1. 充当句子的状语。 *d PbV.HCl
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 M+:9U&>
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 i6g=fx6j*
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) .N`*jT
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 'K#ndCGJ$
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. @[ Q`k=h$
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). syI|gANT/r
真题剖析 8;# yXlf
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. @7KG0<]h
45. A. For ,i8%qm8
B. As uL^`uI#I
C. With ]'-y-kqY
D. Because 5}c8v2R:B
练习： nd7g8P9p
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. ? Dn}
8. A. is .t/@d(R
B. having `*U$pg
C. being 4u"Bl
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D. be Hmnxm gx
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 ;47z.i&T
虚拟语气(2) +-,iC6kK
1. (should)+动词原形 o{^` Y
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 DUh\x>^
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 b6p'%;Y/
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 QodWUbi'&
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ?~!9\dek,
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 _A] )q
would rather +动词过去式 h9#)Eo
真题剖析 5t"FNL
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(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … -6~ .;M 5
47. A. do @BF1X.4-+
B. did v"Ax'()
C. don’t :7mHPe }(
D. didn’t ^$sq U
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. =:]v~Ehq
53. A. ordered _53~D=
B. pleaded 9dBxCdpu
C. decided w,$qsmR
D. demanded f-71`Pyb
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. I.GoY[u_%
15. A. took j49Uj}:j
B. would take ]bY]YNt{7]
C. will take ~x# TfeU]
D. should take Y)+q[MZ R
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. d]" 4aS
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) _#
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54.A. shall
^B
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B.will y& 1@d+Lf
C.would RZ xw r
D.should %S}uCqcAK
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 1/2cb-V
动名词、分词、不定式。 9;?u %
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) $i5J}
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) %&|
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To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ,1$F #Eh
真题剖析 C?T \5}h
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. W%
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60. A. dropped 6 AGZ)gX
B. to drop A>1$?A8Q
C. dropping '=n?^EPE3
D.drops \`2'W1O
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. *}d N.I
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59. A. destructive K+F"V W*?
B. dissatisfied f 7lj,GAZ
C. damaged b j`\;_oo
D. derivative {;c'@U
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 :Kwu{<rJ!(
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 V0>X2&.A
How you got there doesn’t concern me. iM)K:L7d
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 3 I_
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 q [,p#uJ]
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. O -1O@: }c
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 H@=oVyn/
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 1^![8>u"
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 3ic /xy;}
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 W2
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. %8FfP5#
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) f^ui Zb
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) $nO~A7
He no less than John is interested in literature. ?e$&=FC0;
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) x#D%3v"l_*
Either my father or my brothers are coming. -G ~]e6:zD
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ny5 P*yWEh
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 5H0qMt P
真题剖析 :> 0ywg
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. @N4_){s*
53. A. none nK1eh@a9Qv
B. few *[Z`0AgP
C. any -tj#BEC[H(
D. some %Jt35j@
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（五）考博英语语法：倒装 3^7+fxYWo
全部倒装 >G6kF!V
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ]<;7ZNG"Y5
There stand big buildings in this district. I2 [Z0G@&=
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 3 7 BS J
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 1<r! 9x9G
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. $hhX su=
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