2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 c'uD K>  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 4{#0ci{  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 Qo])A6$IU  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 g#r,u5<*?  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 31{)~8  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. wY_! s Qo  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. *(j-jbA  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). LhQidvCNJ  
　　真题剖析 EBx!q8z z  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. e\WG-zi/  
　　45. A. For L]QB h\  
　　B. As m}GEx)Y D  
　　C. With ^s6C']q *O  
　　D. Because FXo{|z3  
　　练习： 1j\wvPLr  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. [K#pU:lTH  
　　8. A. is <:I]0|[  
　　B. having ;1L7+.A  
　　C. being D}L4uz?  
　　D. be q a}=p  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 t0+D~F(g  
　　虚拟语气(2) 'Z`fZ5q  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 #u$Z/,  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ZA8FX  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 X2to](\%X  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 zR_yxs'  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 Zm#qW2a]P  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 xD4G(]d!  
　　would rather +动词过去式 ,7*-%05 [\  
　　真题剖析 8b:\@]g$  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … rKr2 K'  
　　47. A. do Eumdv#Qg  
　　B. did 9Li.B1j  
　　C. don’t iWMgU:T  
　　D. didn’t Q2K)Nl >_  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. eKek~U&  
　　53. A. ordered S[L2
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　　B. pleaded ybgAyJ{J<  
　　C. decided IX y $  
　　D. demanded a@U0s+V&a0  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. p:gM?2p1  
　　15. A. took Mq2[^l!qu  
　　B. would take f+Da W  
　　C. will take TLiA>`r=  
　　D. should take 'ktWKW$ D  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. ; #^Jy
#)  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 5N4[hQrVJ  
　　54.A. shall V;SXa|,  
　　B.will *) ?Fo  
　　C.would bLpGrGJs  
　　D.should 9dXtugp|  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 6 w:@i_2^  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 ~ E| L4E  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) "7tEk<x  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) {|Pz9a-:  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ; 
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　　真题剖析 Uv"GG: K_  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ,0R2k `m!  
　　60. A. dropped ^>fjURR  
　　B. to drop %aeQL;# V  
　　C. dropping ET7(n0*P}]  
　　D.drops Kzd`|+?'`M  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. ^"d!(npw  
　　59. A. destructive Ghgo"-,#  
　　B. dissatisfied +T@a/(Gl  
　　C. damaged =7c1l77z  
　　D. derivative ?>p<!:E!r  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 6:Nz=sw8  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 a+CHrnU\;  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. i-EFq@xl  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. O/(qi8En  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 3 TN?yP)  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. U&mJ_f#M  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 2\z
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　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 Zbp ByRyN  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). kxg]sr"  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 {t$ vsR  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ~nk'ZJ   
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) qYW{$K  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) )CzWq}:  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. :ji_dQ8 k  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) PZF>ia}  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. zJ#e3o.  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 -P5VE0  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. m %$z&<!  
　　真题剖析 cK>5!2b  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. 7;C9V`  
　　53. A. none Wx&AY"J  
　　B. few q phN  
　　C. any Fz16m7.  
　　D. some 2;4Of~  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 <}%>a@  
　　全部倒装 +b]g;  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” RC8{QgaI  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. A==P?,RG  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ~\K+)(\SNp  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) ASAz<H$  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. xkOyj`IS  
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