2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 R1/87eB
 
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 c&>==pI]k  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 O~u@J'4  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ufc_m 4PN  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 'X]my  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. P%^\<#Ya7  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. (Gp|K6
  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). nq3B(  
　　真题剖析 B>{\qj)%  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. {WYmO1  
　　45. A. For t1%<l  
　　B. As vp#r:+=  
　　C. With }RPeAcbU_  
　　D. Because .0H!B#9  
　　练习： TU,k( `tn<  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. ab-MEN`5  
　　8. A. is "RG #e+  
　　B. having VN[i ;4o:|  
　　C. being eHy.<VX  
　　D. be JJn+H&[B  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 kFi^P~3D[  
　　虚拟语气(2) 8OW504AD  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 {Vj25Gt  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 i<%  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 OJH:k~]0!  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 X/!37  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 FeM,$&G:  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 S.kFs{;1x  
　　would rather +动词过去式 1>1ii  
　　真题剖析 iTq~^9G  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … !agtgS$qII  
　　47. A. do $EuWQq7OI2  
　　B. did ~"ij,Op,3  
　　C. don’t wc ! v /A  
　　D. didn’t $*u{i4b  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. 6$JRV  
　　53. A. ordered BkTGH.4G%  
　　B. pleaded cKj6tT"=O  
　　C. decided +yYv"J  
　　D. demanded jSj (ZU6  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. s: .5S  
　　15. A. took {=NHidi~  
　　B. would take X|WAUp?  
　　C. will take v$`AN4)}  
　　D. should take uW,L<;HnQ  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. U*' YGv  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) lj1wTiaI(  
　　54.A. shall :K3n
J1G&  
　　B.will BlVk?n  
　　C.would (zFUC]  
　　D.should oj7X9~ nd  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 U?6YY`A8  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 cs?
@Ri=g  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) up~l4]b+  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) {
)t6DH#  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 `O5kI#m)L*  
　　真题剖析 #pxc6W /  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. !P, 9Sg&5)  
　　60. A. dropped -o+_PL $\  
　　B. to drop ]u_^~   
　　C. dropping vO1P%)  
　　D.drops E\r5!45r  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. BEM+FG  
　　59. A. destructive ?S8cl7;+  
　　B. dissatisfied /FiFtAbb  
　　C. damaged UcMe("U  
　　D. derivative xXK7i\ny  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 EjB<`yT  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 #](k ,% 2  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. 2I:vie  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Kg>+5~+E?q  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 sHe:h XG'  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. !&C8
y  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 R,A|"Q  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 bK%go  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 1+o>#8D  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 qTiUha9  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 0At??Zpy  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) #l- ,2C~  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) lw?
f2_fi  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. ls,gQ]B:P  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) quf,ZK5  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. *E.{i   
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ~m uVQ  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. h|%d=`P,  
　　真题剖析 e\.|d<N?  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. ^k^%w/fo  
　　53. A. none >Z|4/P F  
　　B. few Qoq@=|7kxa  
　　C. any + 7E6U*  
　　D. some jzEimKDE's  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 .6$ST Ksr  
　　全部倒装 Dw[w%
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　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” GWA_,/jS%  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. :":W(O  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 0+r/>-3]  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) X/i8$yqv  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. fg
l"ox  
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