2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 h>klTPM>  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 JDA]t&D!v  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 Rh<N);Sl7  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 bi$VAYn.^  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) YB5dnS"n  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. `WnQ  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. !Lkm? (_  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). Qqq <e  
　　真题剖析 ARWZ; GX  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. 6I>^Pf'ND  
　　45. A. For @G*.1;jO  
　　B. As ;^3$kF  
　　C. With *aRX \TnN  
　　D. Because &z @~B&O  
　　练习： `@XehSQ  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. Fo}7hab  
　　8. A. is CS@&^SEj  
　　B. having S
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　　C. being |/T43ADW  
　　D. be
Y7SacRO  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 ?WFh',`:  
　　虚拟语气(2) &y\sL"YL!  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 s 3r=mp{  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 DtF}QvA  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句
zoZH[a`H  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Zyy e%Ly  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 MGt]'}  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 a07=tD  
　　would rather +动词过去式 G>z,#Xt  
　　真题剖析 ig_2={Q@  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … Q+$Tt7/  
　　47. A. do glUo7^ay7  
　　B. did *fc-gAj  
　　C. don’t tE"Si<[]H$  
　　D. didn’t >e&:`2%.  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. p>*i$  
　　53. A. ordered ma & To=  
　　B. pleaded ,,<PVTd  
　　C. decided KMK`F{  
　　D. demanded l{WjDed  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. t+TYb#Tc  
　　15. A. took 4)1;0,tlG
 
　　B. would take y'M#z_.z  
　　C. will take &#m"/g7w4N  
　　D. should take v."Dnl  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. z;}6f  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) eC`pnE  
　　54.A. shall `NNf&y)y  
　　B.will 7"v$- Wy  
　　C.would h{iEZ#  
　　D.should 'c` jyn  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 2j&@p>  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 }At{'8*n  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 15H6:_+=0  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ":;@Hnb/  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 UVuDQ  
　　真题剖析 ]F*3"y?)2  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. VM=+afY5M  
　　60. A. dropped HeN~c<NuB  
　　B. to drop Ukphd$3J=  
　　C. dropping Z@rN_WXx  
　　D.drops x;E 2~&E  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. ?/#}ZZK^  
　　59. A. destructive =!MY4&YX  
　　B. dissatisfied Yxd X#3  
　　C. damaged C*6S@4k  
　　D. derivative }ynT2a#LU'  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 D^F{uDlb  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 in%;Eqk  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. }odV_WT  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. ``Q2P%  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 %,*$D}H  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. < a rZbM  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。  :S %lv  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 #TJk-1XM*q  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). V2&^!#=s  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 (il0M=M  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 0&Gl@4oZ"  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) (g8*d^u#PO  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) [G|mY6F^  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. VkmRh,T  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) t@zdm
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　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. PK6iY7Qp)  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 8}p8r|d!ls  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. Rhgj&4  
　　真题剖析 ?2J?XS>  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded.
+JdZPb  
　　53. A. none dz9Y}\2tf  
　　B. few !|{IVm/J  
　　C. any :> -1'HC  
　　D. some iDb;_?  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 {eZ{]  
　　全部倒装 <lwuTow  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” .-I|DVHe  
　　There stand big buildings in this district.  !rL<5L  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ]?l{j  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) H'g?llh1J  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. =]>%t]  
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