（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 iP kCuLQ}
1. 充当句子的状语。 Wa7wV
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 !n` | k
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 #]6{>n1*+w
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) l?
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. r~
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b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. JSi0-S[Y{
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle).
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真题剖析 s'oNW
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. S1I.l">P
45. A. For m./PRV1$x
B. As od a,
C. With * m^\&
D. Because D%nd7
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练习： 6o7t eX
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. Y#XRn _2D
8. A. is w3ni@'X8
B. having W.?/p ~
C. being "GQ Q8rQ
D. be qSB&Q 0T
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 XW nP(C 9?
虚拟语气(2) 4$[o; t>
1. (should)+动词原形 r+8D|stS
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 #}FUa u$
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 8ZVQM7O
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 (X,i,qK/
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 w+ R7NFq
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 V7Cnu:0_
would rather +动词过去式 v={{ $=/t
真题剖析 rBNVI;JZW
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … + h4W<YnW
47. A. do ERV]N:(
B. did ?gl&q+mv
C. don’t
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D. didn’t w3(|A> s3
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. r
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53. A. ordered 8m ?(* [[
B. pleaded *x|%Nua"
C. decided :rVR{,pL
D. demanded # dWz,e3
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. sv % X8
15. A. took v'@gUgC
B. would take n[iwi
C. will take A-CU%G9
D. should take 5-|!mSd
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. p|-MwC
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(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) DWt|lO
54.A. shall rUb{iU;~m
B.will 0+FPAqX
C.would ;{sZDjev>
D.should /grTO f
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（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 4^L;]v,|7
动名词、分词、不定式。 xSmG,}3mF
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) :2? g_
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) */;7Uv7
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 =GX5T(P8k
真题剖析 2LtDS?)@
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. hu}$ \
60. A. dropped 0Qt
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B. to drop 9p W~Gz
C. dropping 6<];}M_{
D.drops X,k^p[Rcu
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. J?8Mo=U
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59. A. destructive R.^]{ 5
B. dissatisfied Jl~ *@0(
C. damaged 'Lrn<
D. derivative G"<#tif9 K
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 # rkq
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1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 Z
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How you got there doesn’t concern me. ~Gu$E qQ
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Dkz/hg:q
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 -5<[oBL;
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. e(0OZ_ w
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 \Bo%2O%4
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 TR DQ+Z
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Hl$W+e|tj
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 AP&//b,^M
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. }Dhq zKl
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外)
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6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) k =! Q
He no less than John is interested in literature. xuioU
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 47q>
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. P 45Irir
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 \&Yn)|!
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. r:H]`Uo'r
真题剖析 S/] \GG{
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. X1@DI_
53. A. none J ,Sa7jv[
B. few %qc_kQ5%
C. any 9!( 8o
D. some oZBD.s
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 oIhKMQ;jh
全部倒装 X-[ "{
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” :q9!
There stand big buildings in this district. tsb[=W!Ar8
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. !Z$d<~Mq q
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) %Ig$: I(o
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. $TIeeTB
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