考博英语语法:非谓语动词常考的其它结构 .@KI,_X6,
(1)疑问词+不定式结构 ,vDSY N6
疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如: tl6x@%\
When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语) aM5Hp>'nI
I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语) N({0" 7
The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语) q2+`a;_S
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语)
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(注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如: S^Mx=KJG
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。 Q30TR
B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how, what)+不定式: <D`VFSEJ
While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen. >PS`;S!(
(2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。 0<[g7BbR
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet. 4k_y;$4WN
(3)不带to的不定式 cj;k{Moc
1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有: @
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feel 觉得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear听到 Mp`!zw
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watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉,感知 ThiM
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notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听 ){< qp
On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue. jdf3XTw
2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。如: jn]:*i;i
Let him do it.让他做吧。 GZ1c~uAu
I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。 bLsN?_jy
(注): K+<F,
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①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如: AA XQ+!
He was seen to come. 06]%$-j
The boy was made to go to bed early. 8&wN9tPYZ
②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如: h $)4%Fy
He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。 g3| 62uDF
3)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。例如: )|,Zp`2/
Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。 Ex+E66bE
但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。 }B`T%(11=
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。 MLvd6tIv,
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法。 CHckmCgf4
(4)不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构 ==npFjB
1)不定式的逻辑主语为:for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如: H;N6X y*~
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。 rqTsKrLe
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如: xM:9XhH1
It was wise of him to do that.他那样做是明智的。 :yFmCLZaQ
2)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词’s+动名词。例如: ,uL}O]L
Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。 Y'O3RA5E
He dislikes his wife’s working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。 \:jJ{bl^A
3)某些形容词,如:careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 :Izdj*HL;A
It is very kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。 `s8!zy+
间或也可用for + there to be表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。 3vj1FbY
It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。 /Jc54d
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