（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 "OdR"M(G\
1. 充当句子的状语。 oo+nqc`,O
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 s#nd:$p3
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 7H,p/G?]k
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) BGe&c,feIc
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. \[!k`6#t7
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. CO)BF%?B
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle).
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真题剖析 g _T[m*
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. )|d]0/<
45. A. For =}8:zO
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B. As h _SDW %($
C. With _ @U1 1|
D. Because L#\!0YW/@
练习： D bL=2
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. z. 6-D
8. A. is ^hMJNy&R
B. having LKEf#mp
C. being ['G@`e *\
D. be a$7}41F[~s
（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 +V N&kCx)
虚拟语气(2) (|*CVI;
1. (should)+动词原形 M?3N h;
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 (b]r_|'
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 t/3t69 \x
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 {dbPMx
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 zx(=ArCRr
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 wcd1.$ n
would rather +动词过去式 3fb"1z#
真题剖析 @5C!
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(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … N
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47. A. do |#)S`Ua1
B. did &2,0?ra2&
C. don’t HqZ 3]
D. didn’t {cW%i:
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. uxKj7!( #
53. A. ordered JxV 0y
B. pleaded t}! Y}D
C. decided y\M K d[G7
D. demanded x9U(,x6r
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. m"r
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15. A. took &` 9p.
B. would take sgc pH
C. will take Ow@ }6&1
D. should take Z#1 'ST g
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. S=N3qBH6
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) V*C%r:5 ,v
54.A. shall Ei
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B.will W{1"
C.would /ZeN\ybx
D.should MKr)6PG,
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 ?4^
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动名词、分词、不定式。 q 9 ^6A90
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) [`]h23vRW
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) g9XAUZe
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 l0&Y",
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真题剖析 xX5EhVR
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. DA(ur' D
60. A. dropped \mIm}+!H
B. to drop A'=,q
C. dropping )^)j=xs
D.drops ,1! ~@dhs
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. d h~ cj5
59. A. destructive x&N!S U6
B. dissatisfied s;9>YV2at
C. damaged R'Uw17I
D. derivative \H -,^[G3
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 A;'*>NS
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 p[J 8
r{'
How you got there doesn’t concern me. Q6e;h l
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. dZ"B6L!^(
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 A{QXzoWkg0
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. v
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3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 ?L'4*S]
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 1yg 5d9
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). K BO{ g:"
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 yE6EoC^
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. @TWt M#
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) CB1AL]|3
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) Onqd2'%<
He no less than John is interested in literature. r'GD
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) -2\%?A6L
Either my father or my brothers are coming. r{Stsha(
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 V. f'C
w
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. =D"H0w <zw
真题剖析 $d +n},[C{
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. R DAihq
53. A. none )}KQtkU8:
B. few F: P&hK
C. any t622b?w
D. some FX6 *`
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 vA(')"DDT
全部倒装 Kr*s]O
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” J6s55
v
There stand big buildings in this district. q U/ ,&C
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. G|"`k Aa
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) JuD$CHg;#
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. yU"'h[^
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