2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 Q$x 3uH\@  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 4^k+wQU  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 zRgl`zREr  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 :)kWQQ+,  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) K*N8Vpz(  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. {$'oKJy*  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. )pw53,7>aN  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). T<U_Iq  
　　真题剖析 h 2C9p2.  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. Duq.`XO  
　　45. A. For TTo5"r9I8  
　　B. As ?e[]UO  
　　C. With uk)D2.eS,  
　　D. Because }kMKA.O"  
　　练习： vn^*  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. =6[R,{|C  
　　8. A. is E*83N@i  
　　B. having i"#zb&~nF  
　　C. being a@N 1"O  
　　D. be xU'% 6/G  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 U46Z~B  
　　虚拟语气(2) Il$Jj-)  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 `D0Hu!;
 
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 [u7i)fn5?  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 "sUmke-#  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 ^(1S`z$  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 jU=n\o=?  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 $Zf]1?|xa  
　　would rather +动词过去式 E,7b=t  
　　真题剖析 >
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　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … =X=m_\=~@  
　　47. A. do [,ZHn$\  
　　B. did '%[r9w  
　　C. don’t Yk yB  
　　D. didn’t p/'09FY+U  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. l&uBEYx   
　　53. A. ordered i" >kF@]c8  
　　B. pleaded i3o;G"IcD  
　　C. decided &9\8IR>  
　　D. demanded aYcc2N%C  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. T#-U\C~o  
　　15. A. took f"0?_cG{%  
　　B. would take t(=Z@9)]4F  
　　C. will take ]rc=oP;  
　　D. should take D:Fi/JY~  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. FlepM*  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) |RZI]H%  
　　54.A. shall _4~q&?}V  
　　B.will T/TMi&:?.  
　　C.would b0 y* }  
　　D.should |!"qz$8fB  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 y rmi:=N(  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 .0iHI3i^  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 6'qu[~}Q  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) s[#ww =T\  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 RzN9pAe  
　　真题剖析 fm&pxQjg  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. % n~ 'UA  
　　60. A. dropped q1vsvL9Q  
　　B. to drop Vc$y^|=  
　　C. dropping *W$bhC'w  
　　D.drops ZCz#B2Sf8  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. J~k'b2(p3  
　　59. A. destructive [WW ~SOJe  
　　B. dissatisfied QBL|n+  
　　C. damaged T7~Vk2o%(  
　　D. derivative ?"L ^0%  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 Pj{Y  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ?
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　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. C] >?YR4  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. ~9DD=5\  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 C5x*t Q|  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. - 8m3L  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 0=Mu|G|Z  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 2C"[0*.[N  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 0UOjk.~b  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 eH^~r{{R  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. %hCd*[Z}j  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) #8@o%%Fd  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) osZ]R  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. l' 2C/#8F  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) V2LvE.Kj  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. YuFR*W;$  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 MZ"|Jn  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. tZan1C%p>  
　　真题剖析 ][`%vj9r  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. {.o@XP,.  
　　53. A. none z4{:X Da  
　　B. few oMHTB!A=2  
　　C. any 1:22y:^j  
　　D. some cUC!'+L  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 Kjt\A]R%  
　　全部倒装 tR(nD UHV5  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” r$W%d[pB  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. OTzuOP8  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. v"-K-AQjB  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) p} {H%L  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. K/M2L&C  
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