2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 E|x t\*  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 7&1dr  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 _p0G8  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ij02J`w:Ra  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) \8/$ZEom  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. `$ZBIe/u  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. s\q m  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). Z!I#Z2X  
　　真题剖析 )u y2,`z  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. fDKV`  
　　45. A. For %( #kJZ  
　　B. As 'J_6SD  
　　C. With Q,nXc  
　　D. Because FTcXjWBPF9  
　　练习： $TFWum9wO  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. U\(T<WX,  
　　8. A. is !5K5;M_Ih"  
　　B. having :-e[$6}S  
　　C. being zS! +2/(  
　　D. be R|-!5J4h  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 JO&+W^$uY}  
　　虚拟语气(2) nOq`Cwh9  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 FXFyF*w2  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 `tJ"wpCf6  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句  t`'5|  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 !.[H!-V.  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 PG3,MCf:  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 h]p$r`i7  
　　would rather +动词过去式 !]=S A &  
　　真题剖析 6U%F mE@  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … QI6=[  
　　47. A. do WU{9lL=  
　　B. did pU[5f5_  
　　C. don’t (?#"S67  
　　D. didn’t m" c6^)U  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. ant#bDb/  
　　53. A. ordered \>c 1Z5H>  
　　B. pleaded =iE)vY,?"}  
　　C. decided 6(V "xjK  
　　D. demanded ivJTE  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. _t@9WA;+\  
　　15. A. took l`?4O  
　　B. would take =$
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　　C. will take *a@78&N  
　　D. should take & hv@ &  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. BD&AtOj[,  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) X{;5jnpG  
　　54.A. shall /|,:'W%U  
　　B.will oE$zOS&2  
　　C.would /[UuHU5*R  
　　D.should [A#>G 4a<  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 apv"s+  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 $QJ,V~  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 9DaoMOPEI  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) g/` z.?  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ;  8u5  
　　真题剖析 .oz(,$CS"  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. )/uCdSDIc  
　　60. A. dropped trM)&aQto  
　　B. to drop SOQR(UT  
　　C. dropping ki9vJ<  
　　D.drops LGPg\g`  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. vff`Xh>k(  
　　59. A. destructive Y$N D  
　　B. dissatisfied QS2~}{v  
　　C. damaged BnIZ+fg=  
　　D. derivative s]i<D9h  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 .*+e?-  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 9H,Ec,.  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. J_ >nn  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. bb"x^DtT  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 zq4)Uab*  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. J)_IfbY  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 MI*@^{G  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 1iIag}?p  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Nzel^~  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 If%**o  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. h!~u^Z.7<  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) 4dUr8]BkG  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) K 6HH_T  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. ,: 4+hJ<q  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等)  zqAp7:  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. 1JO@G3,  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 XyE%<]  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. i V8O<en&i  
　　真题剖析 pPtw(5bH  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. !nyUAZ9 :  
　　53. A. none p/.[cH  
　　B. few .T }q"  
　　C. any u4;#~##  
　　D. some rH5 '+x K  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 )Qx&m}  
　　全部倒装 a]8}zSUK  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” {\zB'SNq  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. yZDS>7H  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. =}Xw}X+[WY  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) tA6x
  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. lpHz*NZ0  
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