2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 m'@NF--#Oq  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 ig)rK<@*[  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ?kISAA4x  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 NDm3kMa  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) >Y!5c 2~`;  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. ="JLUq*]s  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. TlQu+w|  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). WfL5.&  
　　真题剖析 d*4fl.
 
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. 'O K)[\  
　　45. A. For now\-XrS  
　　B. As BRhAL1  
　　C. With gk1I1)p  
　　D. Because L*"Q5NzB]  
　　练习：
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　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. pA&CBXio  
　　8. A. is b<u   
　　B. having 'P3CgpF<Z2  
　　C. being rd vq(\A  
　　D. be j|N;&s`  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 gf$5pp-  
　　虚拟语气(2) ]k-<[Z;I,  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 (&npr96f  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 &!x!j,nT  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 c!{v/zOz  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 z<YOA  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ^rO3B?_  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 eo.y,Uh  
　　would rather +动词过去式 %9cu(yc*}  
　　真题剖析 ]@wee08  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … BG\g`NK}Z  
　　47. A. do _BHR ?I[w  
　　B. did @F%H 1  
　　C. don’t #+I)<a7\  
　　D. didn’t +nU"P  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. KV v0bE  
　　53. A. ordered 2mg4*Y
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　　B. pleaded " lar ~  
　　C. decided kqxX!  
　　D. demanded Wyh    
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. gBB S}HF  
　　15. A. took &.~Xl:lq  
　　B. would take UlF=,0P  
　　C. will take MDI[TNYG  
　　D. should take `3GC}u>}  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. B]jN~CO?  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ,QU2xw D[  
　　54.A. shall j<[+vrj  
　　B.will =I. b2e1z  
　　C.would CDOqdBQ  
　　D.should sY,q*}SLD  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 |_7nvck  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 g!%C_AI   
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) O :P%gz4  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) #SWL$Vm>  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 wbg_%h:  
　　真题剖析 cu&td g^q  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. jn[%@zD}  
　　60. A. dropped ^]Mlkd:  
　　B. to drop Z[+H$=$%  
　　C. dropping NKae~ 1b  
　　D.drops k8]=5C?k  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. CYlZ<W'  
　　59. A. destructive XHq8p[F  
　　B. dissatisfied w783e  
　　C. damaged 49S q)jd<  
　　D. derivative p_z_d6?  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 l+$e|F  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 6@ `'}  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. I^'U_"vB  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. jU K0?S>  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 q r12"H  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. h9Zf4@w  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 ?V|t7^+:  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 WgBV,{C  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). y7 tK>aD}  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 4BSSJ@ z  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Z$h39hm?c  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) =1D* JU  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) u#tLY/KA  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. S9Kay'.aJ(  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) J(&a,w>p  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. Q+4
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　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 HRF4 Ro  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. R!7emc0T  
　　真题剖析 V0p@wG3  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. a^+b(&;k  
　　53. A. none qx! NU}6  
　　B. few l\l\T<wa,  
　　C. any -B\`O*Q  
　　D. some 4i'2~w{/  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 h[d| y_)f  
　　全部倒装 D_E^%Ea&`  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” A{hwT,zV:  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. ku,Y-  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. B1@c`BJ;9T  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) "HR &Rf k  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. luZqW`?Bt  
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