2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 y46sL~HRv  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 KDg%sgRu}  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。
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　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 [D|Uwq  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) @?tR-L<u  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. /3L4K  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 'h&>K,U?5  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). meB9:w[m  
　　真题剖析 MYJDfI  
　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. \RVfgfe  
　　45. A. For uG.`  
　　B. As P5XUzLV L  
　　C. With +;@R&Y  
　　D. Because F+ zHgE  
　　练习： _B4N2t$  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. AA|G&&1y  
　　8. A. is l>Zp#+I-  
　　B. having mk-L3H1@J3  
　　C. being \o?  
　　D. be O,&p"K&Z  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 Qmv8T ^+  
　　虚拟语气(2) d$D3iv^hyx  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 nzi)4"3O  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 +P*,i$MV  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 fJ-8$w\uL  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Ga"<qmLMc  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 _l]rt  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 XR)I,@i`'  
　　would rather +动词过去式 H?pWyc<,  
　　真题剖析 V/DdV}n!  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … `{@?O%UB  
　　47. A. do {uO2m*JrI  
　　B. did JA?P jo  
　　C. don’t W
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　　D. didn’t j0K}nS\ P  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. ?37Kc,o  
　　53. A. ordered z9*7fT  
　　B. pleaded S$fCO$bU  
　　C. decided b"#|0d0  
　　D. demanded  W-U[7n  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. BBm;QOBU  
　　15. A. took wkZ}o,{*:  
　　B. would take yu62$d  
　　C. will take }q@Jh*  
　　D. should take &mp@;wI6@  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. mH} 1Zy  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) E%C02sI  
　　54.A. shall 7L&=z$U@m  
　　B.will l<RztzUw  
　　C.would H<YS2Ed  
　　D.should k GzosUt  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 j_*#"}Lcp  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 :Yqi5CR  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) W.u}
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　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ,;yiV<AD  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ?-0>Wbg  
　　真题剖析 @'EU\Y\l  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. bR!*z
  
　　60. A. dropped @bj3N  
　　B. to drop dRXF5Ox5K}  
　　C. dropping o4CgtqRs  
　　D.drops V'4sOn  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. KfsURTZ  
　　59. A. destructive bm_'giQ:  
　　B. dissatisfied iIoeG_^*Y  
　　C. damaged -%lA=pS{Fq  
　　D. derivative 2\M^_x$N  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 uMToVk`Uv  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 T8,?\7)S9  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. WBgS9qiB  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Vs)Pg\B?  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 rn7eY  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. J?~ El&  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 W0&NX`m  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 "+iPeRF!hU  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). QQUYWC
  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 >M\3tB2C  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. i"~J -{d}  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) 'Tni;  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) P\B ]><!ep  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature.
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　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) N|OI~boV%  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. v&p|9C@  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 }j^asuf~c  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 60B6~@]P  
　　真题剖析 ]uN}n;`12  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded.  x w8 e  
　　53. A. none FA}dKE=c Q  
　　B. few gJEm  
　　C. any !e5!8z  
　　D. some 4NaL#3  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 %l4LX~-:  
　　全部倒装 uHj"nd13  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” o}q>oa b z  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. + niz(]  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. f3Zm
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　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) tI42]:z  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. WrB:)Q(8=  
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