（一）考博英语语法：独立主格 T[},6I|!
1. 充当句子的状语。 0[g5[
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 k~<ORnda
3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 6S%KUFB+e
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) dXt@x8E
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. S,+|A)\#
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. #c<F,` gdi
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). J{uqbrJICr
真题剖析 R<h:>.M
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. W7V#G(cpU
45. A. For
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B. As x?R1/iHv
C. With J( ,gLl
D. Because P
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练习： :Ot5W
Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 4NFvX4
8. A. is n)] u|q q
B. having ]CnT4[f!
C. being ''EF h&F
D. be !|
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（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 l=&Va+K
虚拟语气(2) ^''3}<Ep
1. (should)+动词原形 c30 kb
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 7tT L,Nxe
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 @F5QgO J&r
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 i'Q 4touy
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 \9.@T g8`
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 hKK"D:?PRs
would rather +动词过去式 8bEii1EM
真题剖析 W(*?rA- PP
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … z6Yx
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47. A. do 9d,2d5Y
B. did XM*%n8q7#N
C. don’t nR$Q~ `
D. didn’t K06&.>v_
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. |S VL%agZ
53. A. ordered ;=ERm=
B. pleaded =dI2j@}c
C. decided 2SVJKX_V+
D. demanded 0N G<uZ
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. y]Zuj fW7
15. A. took zz+[]G+"2m
B. would take >NN&j#;x~
C. will take 6>B_ojj:
D. should take |
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(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. rYMHc@a9(
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) P ".[=h
54.A. shall ( >Tq
B.will T"$yh2t SY
C.would $>fMu
D.should PxHH h{y%c
（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 Lk|%2XGO&
动名词、分词、不定式。 UjU*`} k3
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) +8 AGs,
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) \{ui{8+G
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 eD481r
真题剖析 _ * O^|QbM
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. u/BCl!
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60. A. dropped \We\*7^E
B. to drop >f$
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C. dropping p|z \L}0
D.drops O+o1R24JI
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. #JH#Qg
59. A. destructive .*s1d)\:
B. dissatisfied D^knN-nZ*
C. damaged ./009p
D. derivative bI,gNVN=
（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 aAr gKM f
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 KU> $=Rd
How you got there doesn’t concern me. ;oQ*g d
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. lIg;>|'Z5&
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 Fx.hti
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. .'q0*Pe
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 %C!u/:.Kv
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 |[ tlR`A $
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). WvN!8*XFM
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 X/_e#H0
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 3:f<cy
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) `43`*=
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) J2BW>T!tuw
He no less than John is interested in literature. 0pWF\<IZ
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) d?R Kobk
Either my father or my brothers are coming. `,mE
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8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 "( 6]K}k@
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ZE@!s3\
真题剖析 sD,[,6(
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. E-NuCP%|c
53. A. none NJG- ~ w
B. few \dAh^B K1(
C. any K<O1PrC
D. some O Xy>Tlv
（五）考博英语语法：倒装 \Gh]$s p
全部倒装 fLj#+h-!
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” `B+ P$K< X
There stand big buildings in this district. j$ h.V#1z
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. aVI/x5p~
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) =@U~ sl [
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. Y yq:5V!
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