2016考博英语语法详解汇总

（一）考博英语语法：独立主格    　　 M?6;|-HH  
　　1. 充当句子的状语。 Uxl(96  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 )@PnTpL*  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 Z^6#4Q]YC  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) b&t[S[P.V  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. h H4o;0rqJ  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. #3.)H9  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). [ #]jC[  
　　真题剖析
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　　(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. ~Yl$I,  
　　45. A. For :0Te4UE;P7  
　　B. As lCFU1 GHH  
　　C. With T^)plWw  
　　D. Because ofwQ:0@  
　　练习： *wUdC   
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. d^aNR Lv  
　　8. A. is m "]!I~jd  
　　B. having iSd?N}2,I  
　　C. being >(tO QeN  
　　D. be {})y^L  
　　（二）考博英语语法：虚拟语气 wznn #j  
　　虚拟语气(2) Y+qus  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 |Y{
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　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 QN #)F  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 !fZ
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　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 '
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　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 $[QcEk  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 +E#PJ_H=F8  
　　would rather +动词过去式 K{FhT9R'  
　　真题剖析
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　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … ~h|m&XK+Q  
　　47. A. do
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　　B. did  V.fp/jhj  
　　C. don’t y{;u@o?T  
　　D. didn’t $P_x
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　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. %%x0w^  
　　53. A. ordered KT%{G8Y@M  
　　B. pleaded QB9A-U<J  
　　C. decided |P~q/Wff  
　　D. demanded H CuK  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. T8mY#^sW_  
　　15. A. took jRwa0Px(  
　　B. would take hJ4S3b  
　　C. will take #O><A&FrF`  
　　D. should take y\z*p&I  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. L3g9b53\  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) +qZc} 7rJF  
　　54.A. shall P_mi)@  
　　B.will p&m ^
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　　C.would K~$35c3M  
　　D.should uYY=~o[ Tw  
　　（三）考博英语语法:非谓语动词 a6P !Wzb  
　　动名词、分词、不定式。 oM2|]ew)  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ` )]lUvR  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) !b'IfDp[-!  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 wyNC|P;j$g  
　　真题剖析 q1P :^<[  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. jB`7T^bU  
　　60. A. dropped m
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　　B. to drop #A f)n(  
　　C. dropping \y@ eBW  
　　D.drops =P)"NP7f'  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. /^~p~HKtx  
　　59. A. destructive rAL1TU(vm  
　　B. dissatisfied 4S qvhz  
　　C. damaged kGruo5A  
　　D. derivative wXP_]-  
　　（四）考博英语语法：主谓一致 3g^IXm:K$  
　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 M\9IlV?'  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. gZ1N&/9;  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. i_|h{JK)  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 D\n>*x  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. t`) 'LT  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 1V#0\1sj  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 tP&{ J^G  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). PpW A f\  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 L,f^mX0<  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. /DK*yS  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) o-L|"3P  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) \o0z@Ntq  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. n+v!H O"2u  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) muW`pm  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. ,oC={^l{  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 `'dX /d  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. c& 9+/JYMo  
　　真题剖析 'SsPx&)l  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. &z7N\n  
　　53. A. none \Mobq  
　　B. few JKEXYE  
　　C. any  eLe,=  
　　D. some e<: 4czh8  
　　（五）考博英语语法：倒装 V1UUAvN7s  
　　全部倒装 '@3a,pl  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” -Z[R S{#+T  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. WrIL]kJw^  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 8AC.2v?_  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) |wyJh"4!  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ebl)6C  
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