考博英语语法:非谓语动词常考的其它结构 On%21L;JG
(1)疑问词+不定式结构 "fWAp*nI3t
疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如: i}SJ
When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语) &"!s +_
I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语) cQ kH4>C~
The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语) 72rnMHq
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语) 'iy &%?
(注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如: C1=7.dPr
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。
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B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how, what)+不定式: #H9J/k_
While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen. {#>>dILPr
(2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。 =.vc={_?
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet. {2u#Q7]|
(3)不带to的不定式 P%#WeQ+
1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有: r$3{1HXc
feel 觉得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear听到 9+'QH
watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉,感知 &Xr@nt0H
notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听 n_G< /8
On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue. _`6fGu& W
2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。如: q ld2<W
Let him do it.让他做吧。 US8pT|/
I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。 Wi a%rm
(注): N}ur0 'J0
①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如: R@lmX%Z1
He was seen to come. Vc}#Ok
The boy was made to go to bed early. hh\\api
②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如: }9n{E-bj *
He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。 /S}0u}jID?
3)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。例如: EL_rh TWw
Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。 XXuIWIhm
但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。 jJ^p
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The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。 &\(p<TF
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法。 pk&kJ307
(4)不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构 _D%aT6,G+(
1)不定式的逻辑主语为:for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如: <