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华中科技大学2010年考博英语试题
华中科技大学 sI4QI\*4
2010年招收博士研究生入学考试试题 XWc|[>iO
考试科目: 英语 9M;I$_U`vj )v};C< 适合专业: 各专业 Lq%[A*`^ -z&9DWH Part I Cloze (0.5x20=10%) v F] "3v7 gtGG Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank inthe passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet. Hc>([?P%t XpOCQyFnM
Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the .United Nations? How Mi<*6j0 = SA
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did the critics like the new play? 1 en event takes place, newspapers are on the street 2 |%n|[LP' 7Zhli Y1 the details. 3 anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to gather the news. {6ajsy5= KX]-ll Newspapers have one basic 4 , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, 9]"\"ka3> pVdhj^n from those who make it to those who want to 5 it. Qh/
lT$g ?exALv'B Radio, telegraph, television, and 6 inventions brought competition for newspapers. So K,Lr+ N45s'rF did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 7 , this competitionmerely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 8 and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are 9 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to qdKh6{ Ty)gPh6O 10 out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers informed of the latest news, today's newspapers entertain and influence readers about politics and other important and serious 11 Newspapers influence readers' economic choices 12 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 13 Newspapers are sold at a price that 14 even a small fraction of the cost of production. jc3ExOH o,iS&U"TC The main 15 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 16 in selling advertising depends newspaper's value to advertisers. This 17 in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? >eTf}#s?S ,q{lYX83S Circulation depends 18 on the work of the circulation department and on the services L2:oZ&:u`J %w;1*~bH =f/avGX or entertainment 19 in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a +3(CGNE Y;
~EcM newspaper's value to readers as a source of information 20 the community, city, county, state, nation and world……and even outer space. LX&=uv%-^ '5&B~ 1& 1. A. Just when B. While C. Soon after D, Before 37GHt9l / nC$
?w 2. A. to give B. giving C. given D. being given pP=_@3 D vq@#Be?@
3. A. Wherever B. Whatever C. However D. Whichever %a%+!wX0x P2<gHJ9t 4. A. reason B. cause C. problem D. purpose lk5_s@V
l :Map,]]B_ 5. A. make B. publish C. know D. write L>|A6S#y8/ wFH(.E0@Q 6. A. another B. other C. one another D. the other nJnO/~| J\,@Bm|1n{ 7. A. However B. And C. Therefore D. So >QbI)if`1 |2+c DR 8. A. value B. ratio C. rate D. speed (5CX *)R U/~Zk@3j 9. A. spread B. passed C. printed D. completed 6M2i?c .-gm"lB 10. A. provoke B. jump C. step D. branch o>!~*b';g, **
"s~ 11. A. matters B. affairs C. things D. events JN9H T0 G+%5V5GS 12. A. on B. through C. with D. of xfZ9&g S
a#d?:L 13. A. forms B. existence C. contents D. purpose
A*?/F:E 8wNU2yH+D 14. A. tries to cover B. manages to cover C. fails to cover D. succeeds in _16&K}< Rg!aKdDl$ 15. A. source B. origin C.course D. finance o8yEUnqN Ii2g+SlQDa 16. A. way B. means C. chance D. success x#!{5;V&K %d~9at6-B 17. A. measures B. measured C. is measured D. was measured )y
[[Se qhHRR/p 18. A. somewhat B. little C. much D. something Toa#>Z*+Rb Aghj) V 19. A. offering B. offered C. which offered D. to be offered LKwUpu! 8aIq#v 20. A. by B. with C. at D. about M,dzf
t+Q|l&|0 Part II Reading comprehension (20x2=40%) Y+5A2Z)f[ )}g4Rvr Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions. You are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet. A0 w `o M#gGD- Passage One "Z1&z- I}CA-8 Early in the sixteenth century, Francis Bacon proposed that science consisted in the elevation fgz'C? <38@b
]+ of the authority of experiment and observation over that of reason, intuition, and convention. #j~FA3O R5~vmT5W Bacon thought that as more and more reliable and precise particular facts, accumulate, they can >[3,qP]E OgpH{" be classified and generalized, resulting in an ever-expanding hierarchy of useful “ axioms”. This i)^ZH#Gp B*~Bm. is what he meant by" induction". N[D\@
o V5^b6$R@ Although many people today continue to regard the collection of facts and their arrangement
R;m0eG` {~{s =c0 by induction into theories as the heart of scientific method, Bacon's conception of what facts and
WT? U~.U %' g-%2C? theories are and of the relationship between them was hopelessly unrealistic even in his own GZ>% &^E }u*@b10 time. The most important early scientific discoveries …… such as those made by Galileo about zbKW.u]v mZJzBYM) the movement of the earth, by Keppler about the elliptical shape of planetary orbits, and later by Xv(9 YhS ,$(v#Tz CoN/L`.SN Newton about the" force" of gravity …… could never have been made if Bacon's rules had _+Kt=;Y8 r4>I?lD prevailed. 8 =Lv7G% P+|8MT0 Determined to avoid all premature speculations, Bacon proposed that data gathering be carried #\;w:: NB#*`|qt out by illiterate assistants with no interest in whether an experiment turned out one way or VYQbyD{V w ,5"]K'Vce another. Plain facts, properly arranged, would automatically lead to certain knowledge of the 491I
qiryC7.E universe. Nothing could be more misrepresentative of the actual problem-solving techniques of [$Bb'],k 9>>}-;$ the scientific method. That plain facts do not speak for themselves is evident from Bacon's own +E[)@;T Z69IHA[ acceptance of the errors contained in what appeared to be the most "obvious" of facts. For
>U/g*[> |;-r}; Bacon, that the earth did not move was a fact because it could be seen not to move; and for sYP@>tHC OkUpgXU Bacon it was a-fact that life was being spontaneously generated because maggots always /j@r~mt/pA [k}\{i> developed in putrid flesh and frogs appeared after every rain. )eMh,r
o+Z9h1z%, What is clear is that the great breakthroughs of Newton, Darwin, or Marx could never have ,LO-!\L ][1u
:V/
U been achieved solely on the basis of Baconian fact gathering. Facts are always unreliable without @&B!P3{f ~{Bi{aK2 theories which guide their collection and which distinguish between superficial and significant A\.*+k/B f~9Y1|6 appearances. Rw 8o ] ,quTMtk
~ 21. According to Bacon, facts 。 5^/[] * {jf~?/< A. are determined by observations 0z#k
V}wE -"H4brj;G B. can only be understood through logical reasoning :n9^:srGZH ~ }22 Dvo C. have a hierarchy f|0QN#$ =fo/+m5 D. are gathered by illiterate assistants ,+9r/}K]/ Fo~v.+^? 22. Data collection should be performed by illiterate assistants, 。 e8bJ] KLW+&.re8 A. according to Bacon, as it led to speculation &N0|tn a6P.Zf7 B. according to Bacon, to prevent theories from being formulated on insufficient data W
F<V2o{k Ghc0{M< C. was a notion Bacon strongly opposed hM w`e ,eCXT=6 D. was a notion rejected on the grounds that it !ed to premature speculations K67 ?
d |lV9?#! 23. According to Bacon, knowledge can be obtained 。 DA~ELje^j K/cK6Yr A. by subjecting theories to rigorous logical analysis O%e.u>=4% 2z3A"HrlA B. not through political or religious dogmasbut through reason _9r{W65s 0 +LloB C. by observation alone gQ#T7 cU|jT8Q4H D. through the inductive method
a*ymBGF +9CUnRv 24.Spontaneous generation of life 。 +to9].O7y F9r*ZyNlx A. was a known fact in Bacon's time \-w s[ )W|jt/ B. is verified by maggots in putrid flesh mC(t;{ _B FX5ifK C. is more apparent than real 3
?~+5DU 3HR]T Q%r D. is a speculation which has no basis in observation `wd* &vl |