一、 长 短 句原则 LG@c)H74
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工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: J&U0y
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is t ]I(98pY
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to ^qN1~v=hS
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite /HJ(Wt
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similar. I#hg(7|",
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! +D-+}&oW
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 r dG2| Tp
主 题 句原则 D15u1A
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! G$kwc
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特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! g(Xg%&@KZ
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully
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prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, .8PO7#
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 %WT:RT_
一 二 三原则 j
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领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… &'ETx"
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 ut5!2t$c
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) S{)n0/_
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) ZO0]+Ko
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) a*8.^SdzR
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, e%c5OZ3~
lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) i7FR78^
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) pr,1Wp0l
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) `rdfROKv
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) ]j$p _s>
8)most important of all, moreover, finally `8.32@rUB.
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) `FB?cPR
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) HN~4-6[q
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 |Ge/|;.v`
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: SF7b1jr
I cannot bear it. wJR i;fvi
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. vG_v89t!ex
I want it. 2:/MN2
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. yxUVM`.~
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则 7Z~szD
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, kDP^[V
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humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital .-~%w
之类的形象词。再比如: *]{I\rX
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room )hJjVitG
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room }J'wz;t1
小姐走出房间应该说:sail out of the room m1o65FsY08
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room rZQHB[^3
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room Y9y*":&%
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则 i{[H
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1)加法(串联) |A/_Qe|s2
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, [Q_|6Di
但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: UZ3Aq12U}a
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. 4m!3P"$
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: pz}hh^]t
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. Zw
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其它的短语可以用: KBHKcFk
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover M]TVaN$v#
2)转折(拐弯抹角) .+o>
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 L(P:n-^
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. G6mM6(Sr
The coat was thin, but it was warm. Ki;5 =)
更多的短语: rB|:r\Z(jG
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, ,5uDEXpt{
despite, notwithstanding |RXC;zt9s
3)因果(so, so, so) >Mw =}g@P
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! bJ!f,a'/
The snow began to fall, so we went home.
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更多短语: 0MGK3o)
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a *`'%tp"'+
result, for this reason, so that &?sjeC_
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) -vAG5x/ ,
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 >8t[EsW/
举例:This is what I can do. [;8fL
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. #N}}8RL
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: 5g7}A`
When to go, Why he goes away… Cms"OkN
5)附加(多此一举) S9055`v5
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 4>`w9
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. Qn
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I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. 4zbV' ]
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. b?L43t ,
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom >m{-&1Tx
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 R$`T"C"
6)排比(排山倒海句) Ll48)P{+}V
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! s_kd@?=`x
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated hm
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or simple, there is plenty in London for you. vtjG&0GSK
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such >g=:01z9
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean .gg0:
tides. @cNI|T
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, L6qA=b~iz
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) ]^%3Y
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 l%/,
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既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! U?yXTMD
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: w=2X[V}
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb
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the Western Hills. -ZJ:<
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about 4}j}8y2)H
three times that of yY|U}]u!V
China. UkQocZdZ
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! cH ?]uu(
文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 2Z |kf9
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思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! $R4\jIewV
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted 4f5$^uN$qA
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as hG)lVo!L4j
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. @^@-A\7[KO
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will cd#TKmh7re
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the \GPc_m:qL
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. Ho|n\7$
更多句型: un=)k;oh
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, A}# Mrb
for example二、做比较 rKxk?}
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; 9X~^w_cdk
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through = %m/
comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: u@Lu.t!],
相似的比较: -Zh+5;8g
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner lQjq6Fl2
相反的比较: 6dp~19T^
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, Qzv_|U
nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, e2Dj%=`EU
…三、换言之 B HYEd}M
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 +tF,E^
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! M?o`tWLhF
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. AJ /_l;
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love ;I0/zeM%
with you. /~Iy1L#
或者上面我们举过的例子: rX[R`,`>Z[
I cannot bear it. ,MJZ*"V/3
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. f$L5=V
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with LO229`ARr|
it or I am fed up with it. JkmL'Zk>:
更多短语: A`KTm(
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more Vz^:|qON
simply sC
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