考博英语语法:非谓语动词常考的其它结构 /tl/%:U*.
(1)疑问词+不定式结构 F+,X%$A#?
疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如: K]' 84!l
When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语) vzJ69%E_
I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语) .Gq.s t%
The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语) `)e;b
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I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语) Ou</{l
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(注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如: E
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I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。 7)$U>|=
B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how, what)+不定式: Vd3'dq8/?
While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen. ;8/w'oe*j
(2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。 r \H+=2E'
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet. Be}e%Rk
(3)不带to的不定式 <h|XB}s+
1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有: <J-bDcp
feel 觉得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear听到 &B^#?vmO
watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉,感知 (A O]f fBU
notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听 #\N?ka}!
On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue. Z
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2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。如: JPfNf3<@My
Let him do it.让他做吧。 +Q_(wR"FS
I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。 44FK%TmtF
(注): fgg^B[(Y
①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如: %F-/|x1#Q
He was seen to come. fv$Y&_,5
The boy was made to go to bed early. *zeY<6
②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如: J XKps#,(#
He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。 4NN-'Z>a
3)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。例如: =o\:@I[
Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。 E{gu39 D
但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。 *bRer[7y
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。 b9ysxuUdS
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法。 lnL&
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(4)不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构 ~ z4T
1)不定式的逻辑主语为:for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如: 58zs%+F
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。 q88p~Ccoa
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如: IrQ8t!
It was wise of him to do that.他那样做是明智的。 nP?=uGqCBq
2)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词’s+动名词。例如: _?<Y>B, E
Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。 >0)E\_ u
He dislikes his wife’s working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。 ;y<)RM
3)某些形容词,如:careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 &b,.W;+
It is very kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。 (bt^L3}a
间或也可用for + there to be表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。 Q>7#</i\.
It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。 i0/gyK
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