考博英语语法:含蓄虚拟条件句 `2/V.REX$h
含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有: TPs
]n7]:
(1)介词或介词短语,如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。 <I#M^}`
the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadn’t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today. H>Ucmd;ay
A. In spite of G)q;)n;*=
B. But for 3~{0X-
C. Because of A+j!VM
D. As for 答案选B。 ;E,i
But that she was afraid, she would have said no. S503b*pM
(2)连词,如:so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……),for fear that(唯恐),in order that, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。 {
'402
She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wante d tE"1nR
D.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wante s7 sTY
D. {5fL!`6w
If only I had more money, I could buy a car. [k0/ZfFwV
(注:lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形,但可以不用虚拟语气,而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如: *U}ztH-+/
The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。 /::Y &&$f
Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎,以免会发生溢流现象。 N}1yDN
(3)通过上下文及内在含义,句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。 #WJ*)$A@&
I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake. ];jp)P2o
A. were sleeping )Ay 90Wt
B. would be sleeping [9B1 %W
C. had been sleeping 2% /Kf}+
D. would sleep选择 B。 c-v-UO%
(4)形容词及其比较级 B=$O4nW_b
A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes. \*Yr&Lm
A less conscientious man wouldn’t have tried so hard to get this job done. 1/~=61msc
(5)分词短语 74a@/'WbE
Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident. z[ 'G"yCi
Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father. P-nhG
(6)动词不定式短语。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were+不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虚拟。 #0hqfs
I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time. 0~K&P#iR
To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman. ! nvg:$.&
She would be stupid not to accept his invitation. @g4o8nH}
It would be easier to do it this way. .Zj`_5C
(7)名词短语和名词+and结构 l GBg8/[
A judicious man would not have committed suicide. O`@-
b#
A diligent student would have worked harder. q5L^>"
(8)独立主格结构 P tLWFO
All things considered, the price would be reasonable. vV*J;%MO
(9)定语从句 lgS7;
Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same. tpC^68*F
A nation, which stopped working, would be dead in a fortnight. g2m*Q%
(10)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气: \wk;Bo
I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t. R ZQH#+*t}
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke. rhy-o?
(11)动词原形表示虚拟 U1X"UN)
动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟,最常见于正式文体中,动词原形一般用在条件从句中,有时倒装置于句首,同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。 :i4(cap&}F
God bless you! E:ci/09wD
All magnets behave the same, be they large or small. K%+4M#jj5
She’ll be sixteen years odd, com May.(come May =when May come). oKCy,Ot<
If that be so, we shall take action at once m7g*zu2#
<<CWN(hQWO