考博英语语法:含蓄虚拟条件句 g:@#@1rB6
含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有: PFjL1=7I
(1)介词或介词短语,如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。 5C]x!>kX
the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadn’t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today. !;A\.~-!G
A. In spite of q?yVR3]M
B. But for Bsvr?|L\
C. Because of uGG t\.$]s
D. As for 答案选B。 + &Eq
k
But that she was afraid, she would have said no. &p@O_0nF
(2)连词,如:so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……),for fear that(唯恐),in order that, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。 wn%A4-
%{
She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wante (L&d!$,Dv
D.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wante {!L~@r
D. Lqa4Vi
If only I had more money, I could buy a car. ^
yp{32
(注:lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形,但可以不用虚拟语气,而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如: Ti5-6%~&
The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。 -Q*gW2KmV
Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎,以免会发生溢流现象。 <]2w n
(3)通过上下文及内在含义,句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。 4D4j7
I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake. u*`
GiZAO
A. were sleeping &h/Xku&0
B. would be sleeping TvbE2Q;/UL
C. had been sleeping g2_"zDiw2
D. would sleep选择 B。 ON(kt3.h
(4)形容词及其比较级 F JyT+
A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes. (!WD1w
A less conscientious man wouldn’t have tried so hard to get this job done. kffcm/
(5)分词短语 + ePS14G
Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident. .ioEIs g
Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father. R\[e!g*I
(6)动词不定式短语。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were+不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虚拟。 rey!{3U
I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time. z2GY:<s
To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman. 1yhDrpm
She would be stupid not to accept his invitation. s$j,9uRr
It would be easier to do it this way. dy[X3jQB
(7)名词短语和名词+and结构 d2$IH#~9B
A judicious man would not have committed suicide. Q=$2c[Uk
A diligent student would have worked harder. >hIu2jm
(8)独立主格结构 es7=%!0
All things considered, the price would be reasonable. "w<#^d_6
(9)定语从句 ef4 i:.
Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same. CrTw@AW9)
A nation, which stopped working, would be dead in a fortnight. G3T]`Atf
(10)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气: ~k5W@`"W
I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t. Q7CsJzk~)
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke. }jPSUdo
(11)动词原形表示虚拟 A04U /;
动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟,最常见于正式文体中,动词原形一般用在条件从句中,有时倒装置于句首,同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。 !&E-}}<
God bless you! jPkn[W#
6
All magnets behave the same, be they large or small. j?QDR
She’ll be sixteen years odd, com May.(come May =when May come). GQ
;;bcj&
If that be so, we shall take action at once lyhiFkO
iH
Vxt+]5X